The formulas
ERA = ER × innings per game ÷ IP
WHIP = (H + BB) ÷ IP
K/BB = SO ÷ BB
K per game = SO × innings per game ÷ IP
“Innings per game” is the length of a regulation game. MLB and high school use 9, but many youth and amateur leagues play 6 or 7, so you can pick the length that matches your league.
Fractional innings
Three outs make one inning. 5⅔ innings is 17 outs, or 5.667 innings in the formulas. If a box score says “5.2”, that means 5⅔, so choose 5 and 2/3 here.
How to read them
- ERA: runs allowed per full game. Lower is better.
- WHIP: base runners allowed per inning. Lower is better; under 1.00 is elite in MLB.
- K/BB: strikeouts per walk. Higher means better control. Undefined with zero walks.
- K per game: strikeouts per full game.

